Church Heritage Record 627051

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Merton: St Swithun

Name:

This is the church’s legal name as given by the Church Commissioners.

Merton: St Swithun
Record Type:

A classification of the current status of the building

Church
Church code:

This is a unique identification number supplied to each church building by the Church Commissioners.

627051
Diocese:

Name of diocese in which the church building is located at the time of entry.

Oxford
Archdeaconry:

Name of archdeaconry in which the church building is located at the time of entry

Dorchester
Parish:

This is the legal name of the parish as given by the Church Commissioners.

Merton

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Statutory Designation Information

Listed Building?

The decision to put a church building on the National Heritage List for England and assign it a listing grade is made by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The decision is normally based on recommendations made by Historic England, the government’s adviser on the historic environment.

This is a Grade I Listed Building
View more information about this Listed Building on the National Heritage List for England web site
Scheduled Monument?

The decision to schedule a feature (building, monument, archaeological remains, etc.) located within the church building’s precinct or churchyard is made by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The decision is based on recommendations made by Historic England, the government’s adviser on cultural heritage.

There is no Scheduled Monument within the curtilage or precinct

National Park

National Parks are areas of countryside that include villages and towns, which are protected because of their beautiful countryside, wildlife and cultural heritage. In England, National Parks are designated by Natural England, the government’s advisor on the natural environment.

The church is not in a National Park

Conservation Area

Conservation areas are places of special architectural or historic interest where it is desirable to preserve and enhance the character and appearance of such areas. Conservation Areas are designated by the Local Council.

The church is not in a Conservation Area

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Heritage At Risk Status

On Heritage At Risk Register?

The Heritage at Risk programme is run and managed by Historic England, the government’s advisor on cultural heritage. It aims to protect and manage the historic environment, so that the number of ‘at risk’ historic places and sites across England are reduced.

This church is not on the Heritage at Risk Register
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Approximate Date

Approximate Date:

Selecting a single date for the construction of a church building can sometimes be very difficult as most CoE buildings have seen many phases of development over time. The CHR allows you to record a time period rather than a specific date.

The CHR records the time period for the building’s predominant fabric as opposed to the date of the earliest fabric or the church’s foundation date.

Medieval

Exterior Image

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Summary Description

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The structure is mostly of 14th century date but was extensively restored by C. Buckeridge in 1865/6.

Visiting and Facilities

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The church is open for worship.
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Church Website

Church Website:

www.holytrinitylyonsdown.org.uk

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Sources and Further Information

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Church of England (2021) A Church Near You https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/5943/ [Digital Archive/Index]
View information on worship and access at this church
Church Buildings Council (2019) Church Bells 2 Bells [Archive/Index]
2 Bells

If you notice any errors with the below outlines of your connected churchyards, please email heritageonline@churchofengland.org with the corrections needed.

This could include information on new churchyards, edits to the boundaries shown, or different land characteristics. 

We are working on adding the consecrated land found within local authority cemeteries, and in time, this data will be shown on the map.

Grid Reference: SP 577 178

To zoom into an area hold the SHIFT key down then click and drag a rectangle.

Administrative Area

County:

The administrative area within which the church is located.

Oxfordshire County

Location and Setting

This field describes the setting of the church building, i.e. the surroundings in which the church building is experienced, and whether or not it makes a positive or negative contribution to the significance of the building.

The village of Merton is situated on the northern edge of Otmoor, about three miles south of Bicester. The church itself stands in an ample graveyard on the north side of the road along which the village is built.

Church Plan

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Ground Plan Description and Dimensions

Ground Plan

Provide as written description of the ground plan of the church building and well as its dimensions.

Nave, south aisle and south porch, west tower and chancel.

Dimensions

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Footprint of Church buildings (m2):

Small (<199m2)

Medium (200-599m2)

Large (600m-999m2)

Very Large (>1000m2)

361 m2

Description of Archaeology and History

This field aims to record the archaeological potential of the wider area around the building and churchyard, as well as the history of site.

The structure is mostly of 14th century date but was extensively restored by C. Buckeridge in 1865/6.

Since the time it was built in the 14th century, this church has suffered the loss of the north aisle, which was pulled down in the 15th or 16th centuries, and of the spire, which was taken down in 1796 because it was said to be 'Out of the perpendical'.

Exterior Description

This field aims to record a written description of the exterior of the church building and the churchyard.

The west tower of the church is of three stages, with large clasping buttresses to the external corners of the lowest stage, the west face of this stage has a single-light ogee-headed window, with a crocketed niche about it. The central section has a single small lancet window in the south and west faces, and the bell-stage has wider lancet windows with two-centred heads and 'y' tracery on all four faces. The belfry is capped by a moulded string-course, and a parapet with decoration in the form of cusped saltires. It seems likely that this parapet is a 19th century addition.

The building is constructedof limestone, which has weathered to a silvery-grey colour; the nave roof has coverings of lead, and the chancel of blue slate. Neither the nave nor the chancel have roof-parapets. The north wall of the nave has a curious appearance, in consequence of the aisle having been removed; the three arches of the north arcades were filled in, and the decorated windows moved from the aisle to the nave wall. The two outer windows are of two cusped lights with a quatrefoil in the tracery, between them is a small single-light window with a blocked pointed doorway below it. At the head of the wall are three Perpendicular clerestorey windows, each of two short cusped lights set under a square head. The surface of the wall has at some time been rendered, but the outline of the blocked arches, and the abutment of the aisle roof can be clearly discerned.

The south aisle, which is extant, has a lean-to roof with a plain parapet, having a moulded lower edge and flat copings. The clerestorey above the aisle is of the same pattern as on the north side, and the windows are spaced in a similgr way, the centre window being closer to its westward neighbour. To the west of the porch is, first, a window of three cusped lights with Perpendicular tracery under a slightly pitched flat-sided label-moulding, and next to it another window of two trefoiled lights with a boldly cusped quatrefoil. The porch itself is of stone, and windowless; the outer doorway has a moulded, two-centred head With a drip-moulding. The eastern window of the south aisle has three cusped lights, the centre light with an ogee head and curvilinear tracery.

All the exterior wall surfaces of the chancel are rendered, and on all three sides there is a string-course or drip-moulding about three feet above the ground. The north wall is blind, with a very small blocked window low down towards the western end. In the south wall of the chancel, at the west end, is a tall window with two tiers of two lights; the lower lights have sexfoiled heads, the upper lights are trefoiled. To the east of this window is a small doorway with chamferedjambs and a pointed rip-moulding with plain stops. The head of the doorway interrupt the line of the string-course, which is therefore stilted upwards to form a square-headed drip-moulding above the pointed one. Eastwards again are two more windows with two tiers of two lights.

Architects, Artists and Associated People/Organisations

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Who:
Bartosch & Stokes
Role:
Architect / Surveyor ICM55
From:
To:
Contribution:

Building Fabric and Features

This field is an index of the building and its major components

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Collapse Building Fabric and FeaturesBuilding Fabric and Features
STAINED GLASS

Building Materials

This field is an index of the building’s material composition

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Interior Image

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Interior Description

This field aims to record a written description of the interior of the church building.

Internally, the chancel, which is not exactly orientated, but inclines slightly towards the north, contains three stone sedilia, a piscina and a tomb recess in the south wall, and an aumbry in the north wall. All these features. are in a good state of preservation with crockets and pinnacles substantially intact. The floor of the chancel is of stone flags, with many tomb slabs inset, and the roof, which dates from the 19th century, has king-posts and tie-beams with curved braces; the braces and wall-posts are brought down onto elaborately carved 14th century corbels.

The nave on the south side has four early 14th century arches set on octagonal piers with moulded capitals. The roof of the nave was re-built in the late 15th century to accommodate the clerestorey, and the present roof is partially of this date although restored by Professor A.E. Richardson in 1935 after being damaged by fire. The wall poste in this case rest on well-carved corbel-heads, while the 14th century chancel arch has a double-chamfered arch with elaborately carved imposts.

The three-light window in the east wall of the south aisle is flanked by two small piscinas with crocketedsurrounds; in the south wall of the aisle are a piscine and seclilia and a stoup by the entrance door. All these features appear to be medieval and arc in good condition. The lean-to roof of the aisle is modern.

Internal Fixtures and Fittings

This field is an index of the building’s internal, architectural components. This includes its internal spaces and those areas’ fixtures and fittings (building components which are securely fixed to the church or cathedral).

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Collapse Internal Fixtures and FittingsInternal Fixtures and Fittings
ALTAR (16th Century)
BELL (1 of 2)
BELL (Service)
FONT (COMPONENT) (17th Century)
FONT (OBJECT)
PULPIT (17th Century)
STALL

Portable Furnishings and Artworks

This field is an index of the building’s movable, non-fixed furnishings and artworks.

Work in progress - can you help?

If you notice any errors with the below outlines of your connected churchyards, please email heritageonline@churchofengland.org with the corrections needed.

This could include information on new churchyards, edits to the boundaries shown, or different land characteristics. 

We are working on adding the consecrated land found within local authority cemeteries, and in time, this data will be shown on the map.

Grid Reference: SP 577 178

To zoom into an area hold the SHIFT key down then click and drag a rectangle.

Ecology

This field aims to record a description of the ecology of the churchyard and surrounding setting.

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Ecological Designations

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The everyday wildlife of burial grounds means much to those who visit and cherish them but many burial grounds are so rich in wildlife that they should be designated and specially protected. Few have the legal protection of a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) or, in the case of local authority owned cemeteries, Local Nature Reserve. This makes it even more important that they are cared for and protected by the people looking after them.

Many have a non-statutory designation as a recognition of their importance. These non-statutory designations have a variety of names in different regions including Local Wildlife Site, County Wildlife Site, Site of Importance for Nature Conservation or Site of Nature Conservation Importance (Local Wildlife Site is the most common name). Their selection is based on records of the most important, distinctive and threatened species and habitats within a national, regional and local context. This makes them some of our most valuable wildlife areas.

For example, many burial grounds which are designated as Local Wildlife Sites contain species-rich meadow, rich in wildflowers, native grasses and grassland fungi managed by only occasional mowing plus raking. When this is the case, many animals may be present too, insects, birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. This type of grassland was once widespread and has been almost entirely lost from the UK with approximately 3% remaining, so burial grounds with species-rich meadow managed in this way are extremely important for wildlife.

These designations should be considered when planning management or change.

If you think that this or any other burial ground should be designated please contact Caring for God’s Acre (info@cfga.org.uk) to discuss. Many eligible sites have not yet received a designation and can be surveyed and then submitted for consideration.

There are no SSSIs within the curtilage of this Church.

There are no Local nature reserves within the curtilage of this Church.

There are no Local Wildlife sites within the curtilage of this Church.

Evidence of the Presence of Bats

This field aims to record any evidence of the presence of bats in the church building or churchyard.

The church has no evidence of bats

Burial and War Grave Information

This field records basic information about the presence of a churchyard and its use as a burial ground.

It is unknown whether the church or churchyard is consecrated. Work in progress - can you help?
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It is unknown whether the churchyard has been used for burial. Work in progress - can you help?
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It is unknown whether the churchyard is used for burial. Work in progress - can you help?
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It is unknown whether the churchyard is closed for burial. Work in progress - can you help?
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The churchyard does not have war graves.

National Heritage List for England Designations

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There are no Scheduled Monuments within the curtilage of this Church.

Designation TypeNameGrade  
Listed Building Church Of St Swithun, Churchyard Cross Approximately 25 Metres To South East II View more

Ancient, Veteran & Notable Trees

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Churchyards are home to fantastic trees, in particular ancient and veteran trees which can be the oldest indication of a sacred space and be features of extraordinary individuality. The UK holds a globally important population of ancient and veteran yew trees of which three-quarters are found in the churchyards of England and Wales.

There are more than 1,000 ancient and veteran yews aged at least 500 years in these churchyards.

To put this in context, the only other part of western Europe with a known significant yew population is Normandy in northern France, where more than 100 ancient or veteran churchyard yews have been recorded.

Burial grounds may contain veteran and ancient trees of other species such as sweet chestnut or small-leaved lime which, whilst maybe not so old as the yews, are still important for wildlife and may be home to many other species.

Specialist advice is needed when managing these wonderful trees. For more information or to seek advice please contact Caring for God’s Acre, The Ancient Yew Group and The Woodland Trust.

If you know of an ancient or veteran tree in a burial ground that is not listed here please contact Caring for God’s Acre.

There are currently no Ancient, Veteran or Notable trees connected to this Church

Churchyard Structures

This field is an index of the churchyard’s components.

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Significance

Setting Significance Level:

Significance is the whole set of reasons why people value a church, whether as a place for worship and mission, as an historic building that is part of the national heritage, as a focus for the local community, as a familiar landmark or for any other reasons.

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Setting Significance Description:
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Fabric Significance Level:
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Fabric Significance Description:
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Interior Significance Level:
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Interior Significance Description:
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Community Significance Level:
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Community Significance Description:
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Church Renewables

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Open the map of church renewable installations
Solar PV Panels:

This information forms part of the Shrinking the Footprint project.

No
Solar Thermal Panels:
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No
Bio Mass:
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No
Air Source Heat Pump:
Missing help text - to be added by an administrator
No
Ground Source Heat Pump:
Missing help text - to be added by an administrator
No
Wind Turbine:
Missing help text - to be added by an administrator
No
EV Car Charging:
Missing help text - to be added by an administrator
Unknown

Species Summary

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All of the species listed below have been recorded in close proximity to the Church . A few species which are particularly threatened and affected by disturbance may not be listed here because their exact location cannot be shared.

NOTE: Be aware that this dataset is growing, and the species totals may change once the National Biodiversity Network has added further records. Species may be present but not recorded and still await discovery.

CategoryTotal species recorded to date
TOTAL NUMBER OF SPECIES RECORDED 0
Total number of animal species 0
Total number of plant species 0
Total number of mammal species 0
Total number of birds 0
Total number of amphibian and reptile species 0
Total number of invertebrate species 0
Total number of fungi species 0
Total number of mosses and liverworts (bryophytes) 0
Total number of ferns 0
Total number of flowering plants 0
Total number of Gymnosperm and Ginkgo 0

Caring for God’s Acre is a conservation charity working to support groups and individuals to investigate, care for, and enjoy the wildlife and heritage treasures found within churchyards and other burial grounds. Look on their website for information and advice and please contact their staff directly. They can help you manage this churchyard for people and wildlife.

To learn more about all of the species recorded against this church, go to the Burial Ground Portal within the NBN Atlas. You can check the spread of records through the years, discovering what has been recorded and when, plus what discoveries might remain to be uncovered.

‘Seek Advice’ Species

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If any of the following species have been seen close to the Church, it is important to seek advice from an expert. You will need to know if they are present now, and to follow expert recommendations when planning works. All of these species have specific legal protection as a recognition of their rarity. All of them are rare or becoming increasingly endangered, so it is important to ensure that management and other works do not adversely affect them. In addition, there may be things you can do to help these special species. N.B. Swift and House Martin do not have specific legal protection but are included, as roof repair works often impact breeding swifts and house martins which is against the law.

This is not a complete list of protected species, there are many more, but these are ones that are more likely to be found. All wild birds, their nests and eggs are also protected by law, as are all bats and veteran trees. In a few cases, species are considered particularly prone to disturbance or destruction by people, so the exact location of where they were recorded is not publicly available but can be requested. These ‘blurred’ records are included here, and the accuracy is to 1km. This means that the species has been recorded in close proximity to the Church, or a maximum of 1km away from it. As these ‘blurred’ species are quite mobile, there is a strong likelihood that they can occur close to the Church. To learn about these special species, use the link provided for each species in the table below

One important species which is not included here is the Peregrine Falcon. This is protected and advice should be sought if peregrines are nesting on a church or cathedral. Peregrine records are ‘blurred’ to 10km, hence the decision not to include records here. Remember too that species not seriously threatened nationally may still be at risk in your region and be sensitive to works. You should check with local experts about this. You may also need to seek advice about invasive species, such as Japanese knotweed and aquatics colonising streams or pools, which can spread in churchyards.

N.B. If a species is not recorded this does not indicate absence. It is always good practice to survey.

No species data found for this record

Caring for God’s Acre can help and support you in looking after the biodiversity present in this special place. If you know that any of these species occur close to the Church and are not recorded here, please contact Caring for God’s Acre with details (info@cfga.org.uk).

To find out more about these and other species recorded against this Church, go to the Burial Ground Portal within the NBN Atlas.

The church was the centre of many people’s lives and remains a guide to their cares and concerns. Glimpses into those lives have often come down to us in the stories we heard as children or old photographs discovered in tattered shoe boxes. Perhaps your ancestors even made it into local legend following some fantastic event? You can choose to share those memories with others and record them for future generations on this Forum.

Tell us the story of this building through the lives of those who experienced it. Tell us why this church is important to you and your community.

Upload your photographs, share your videos, or compose your story below using a Facebook, Twitter, Google or Disqus account.

Refresh
WhoActionWhen
Liz KitchModified QI inspectionMon 17 Jun 2024 12:13:26
Liz KitchAdded QI inspectionMon 17 Jun 2024 12:12:55
Liz KitchCreated asset source linkMon 17 Jun 2024 12:12:54
Oliver LackAdded SourceMon 31 Oct 2022 11:35:46
Oliver LackModified asset data - Modified the Summary DescriptionMon 31 Oct 2022 11:35:20
Oliver LackAdded fabric typeMon 31 Oct 2022 11:34:22
Oliver LackAdded interior feature typeMon 31 Oct 2022 11:33:50
Oliver LackAdded interior feature typeMon 31 Oct 2022 11:33:11
Oliver LackAdded interior feature typeMon 31 Oct 2022 11:32:52
Oliver LackAdded interior feature typeMon 31 Oct 2022 11:32:01
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